“The aim of a research project is not to discover new facts. We already know; we are merely furnishing scientific proof.” (Col. Wilhelm Klink, Hogan’s Heroes, Season Two, Show #1)

The DOCTOR YOURSELF NEWSLETTER  (Vol. 6, No. 5 April, 2006)
"Free of charge, free of advertising, and free of the A.M.A."

Copyright 2006 by Andrew W. Saul of http://www.doctoryourself.com , which now welcomes nearly two million visitors annually. Commercial use of the website or the contents of this Newsletter is strictly prohibited.

IN THIS ISSUE:

1. THINKIN’ LINCOLN
2. PICS AND BIOS OF VITAMIN THERAPY PIONEERS
3. GINKGO: HYPE OR HELP?
4. LOW FAT DIETS
5. NORMAN W. WALKER
6. VITAMIN BASHING BY “MODERN” MEDICINE 
7. MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY: MORE SUCCESS
8. BROCCOLI, CABBAGE HALT CANCER
9. NIACINAMIDE REVERSES FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME 
10. READERS SAY
11. FLUORIDE IS NOT PREVENTING TOOTH DECAY 

LINCOLN, LINCOLN, I’VE BEEN THINKIN’
Abraham Lincoln said, "Every man over 40 is responsible for his face."

Let's see, now: At three squares a day, you eat just under 1,100 meals a year. That means, if you are forty years old, you have eaten over 43,000 meals.
	
Let’s face it: Lincoln was right. We are what we eat. Our 30 trillion or so body cells are entirely made up from what we breathe, drink and eat. Not one cell in your body is made from a drug. Prevention and cure of disease must therefore be nutrition-based.

In 1968, twice Nobel Prize laureate Linus Pauling first gave megavitamin nutrition therapy its scientific name: orthomolecular medicine. I first wandered into the field as a young whippersnapper back in 1976. It gradually became clear to me that we need to stop living with illness, and learn to live without it. The way to do this is by education, not medication.

Now, thirty years later, this Newsletter, my http://www.doctoryourself.com website and my books ( http://www.doctoryourself.com/saulbooks.html and http://www.doctoryourself.com/fyd.html  ) share with you what I’ve learned about getting well and staying well. Most of what I know today came from simply standing on the shoulders of scientific giants like Dr. Pauling, Dr. Max Gerson, Dr. Abram Hoffer, and many other nutrition therapy pioneers. 

I also learned a thing or two the hard way, mostly from raising my children. At 3 in the morning, every parent is their family’s doctor. ( http://www.doctoryourself.com/faq.html ) 

This week, I was promoted to the post of Assistant Editor of the Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine. It is a genuine honor and privilege. 

Over the years, the www.DoctorYourself.com website has grown beyond all expectations. We are now approaching 50,000 hits a DAY. I have published the Doctor Yourself Newsletter for six years. It started as a bi-weekly, then a few years back it became a monthly. Now, because of my increased workload, I am making it a bi-monthly publication. The good news is that it will indeed continue, and remain free of charge and free of advertising. Yes, that will be me haranguing your inbox, but only six times a year and not twelve. 

If you want additional mega-nutrition news updates, please sign up to receive the Orthomolecular Medicine News Service. It is free of charge, and, since I am the editor, you will have the dubious satisfaction of hearing from me more often. Just click on http://orthomolecular.org/subscribe.html 

And, of course, you can access my searchable 2 million word website 24/7.

PICTURES OF VITAMIN THERAPY PIONEERS: http://naturalhealthline.com/
BIOGRAPHIES OF VITAMIN THERAPY PIONEERS: http://orthomolecular.org/history/index.shtml

DOCTOR YOURSELF ON ROCK RADIO
It’s true: I will be on national Canadian radio on two consecutive Sundays (March 19th and March 26th) between 8-9 AM Eastern time. The segment on March 19 will be on "Can Vitamin Supplements Substitute for an Unhealthy Diet?" The following Sunday, March 26, the topic will be "Toxicology of Vitamins." Wherever in the world you are, you may listen free of charge, 8 AM till 9 AM either day, at 
http://www.1050chum.com/index_listenlive.aspx#  (or, go to http://www.1050chum.com and click the “Listen Live” link in the center of the page.)

GINKGO: HYPE OR HELP?
Ginkgo biloba trees, often considered living fossils, can live for two or three thousand years. The tree predates the dinosaurs. Wouldn't it be somewhat surprising if a botanical that is some 250 million years old did not have medicinal properties?

The leaves and seeds have been used in Asian medicine for thousands of years to treat circulatory and respiratory diseases. Ginkgo seems to improve blood flow, especially in the smallest blood vessels (capillaries) and most especially in the brain. Ginkgo also reduces platelet aggregation (clumping, clotting). Modern research has found ginkgo extract useful as an antioxidant and for improving memory. Very recent scientific evidence more than suggests that ginkgo is beneficial for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (1) Plus, the latest studies demonstrate that ginkgo seems to reduce the risk of cancer, and enhance the effectiveness of conventional cancer therapies. (2,3,4) 

I believe safe and effective herbal medicines are a serious financial threat to the pharmaceutical industry That is why herbals are so heavily criticized by in the mass media, who make a fortune from drug company advertising money. So-called studies claiming to devalue ginkgo were, in my opinion, preordained to fail because they were poorly controlled and used inadequate doses. Until we have a sure cure for Alzheimer’s disease and cancer, I think we should continue to fully investigate ginkgo.

There is virtually no risk in so doing: there is not one death per year from ginkgo. (5) There are at least 106,000 deaths annually from pharmaceutical drug side effects, even when the drugs are properly prescribed and taken as directed.  (6) In the USA in the year 2003, there was a death from "Cream/lotion/makeup," a death from "Granular laundry detergent," one death from "Gun bluing," one death from plain soap, one death from baking soda, and one death from table salt. Other deaths reported by the American Association of Poison Control Centers included: aerosol air fresheners: 2 deaths; nailpolish remover: 2 deaths; perfume/cologne/aftershave: 2 deaths; charcoal: 3 deaths; dishwashing detergent: 3 deaths. 
( http://www.doctoryourself.com/testimony.htm )

Again, there were zero deaths from ginkgo, an enviable safety record indeed.

Ginkgo, an antioxidant as are carotene and vitamins C and E, is likely a cancer preventer and probably a cancer fighter. What will it take to move this forward? Motivated, educated consumers that refuse to humbly bow down to drug doctors' dogma. Pharmaceutically-trained doctors are not qualified to pronounce on herbal therapy. News reporters still less so. Read the research for yourself, and make up your own mind. One's life may depend on knowing one's alternatives.
 
References:
1. Luo Y. Alzheimer's disease, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and ginkgo biloba leaf extract. Life Sci. 2006 Feb 26. ”A standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves EGb 761 is a popular dietary supplement taken by the general public to enhance mental focus and by the elderly to delay onset of age-related loss of cognitive function. . (Our) findings suggest that EGb 761 has a clear therapeutic potential for prevention and/or treatment of AD.” 

2. Eli R, Fasciano JA. An adjunctive preventive treatment for cancer: Ultraviolet light and ginkgo biloba, together with other antioxidants, are a safe and powerful, but largely ignored, treatment option for the prevention of cancer. Med Hypotheses. 2006 Feb 14. “(A) number of botanical agents such as ginkgo biloba, vitamins E and C, carotenoids, selenium and proanthocyanidins can prevent the risk of skin cancer. Ginkgo biloba also possess the following additional cancer chemopreventive qualities: (1) promoting apoptosis of cancer cells; (2) an anti-clastogenic effect on chromosomes by repairing and reconstituting broken and damaged chromosomes; (3) a powerful therapeutic effect on the treatment of fibrosis-related cancer; (4) a therapeutic effect on free radical-induced cancer; (5) a therapeutic effect on the treatment of cancer incident to the result of numerous carcinogens; (6) a therapeutic effect on preventing free radical-induced cancer; (7) an enhancing effect on radiation therapy in the treatment of cancer; and (8) a therapeutic effect on reducing the size of cancer tumors. Ginkgo biloba is widely-used and has few adverse effects.” 

3. Eli R. Ginkgo biloba, may significantly reduce gastrointestinal pain: It may also reduce the risk of stomach cancer that is associated with the wide-spread use of proton pump inhibitors. Med Hypotheses. 2006 Feb 24.

4. Pretner E, Amri H, Li W, Brown R, Lin CS, Makariou E, Defeudis FV, Drieu K, Papadopoulos V. Cancer-related overexpression of the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor and cytostatic anticancer effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761). Anticancer Res. 2006 Jan-Feb;26(1A):9-22.
 
5. 2003 Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposures Surveillance System. In: American Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 22, No. 5, September 2004.

6. Saul AW. Vitamins and Food Supplements: Safe and Effective. Testimony by Andrew W. Saul before the Government of Canada, House of Commons Standing Committee on Health, regarding natural health product safety Ottawa, May 12, 2005.  http://www.doctoryourself.com/testimony.htm and also http://www.doctoryourself.com/news/v5n9.txt 

FOR MORE INFORMATION, you may want to look at the excellent Ginko pages at http://www.xs4all.nl/~kwanten/index.htm

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS UNDER ATTACK, AGAIN
Matthias Rath, M.D., tells the whole sordid story at  
http://www4.dr-rath-foundation.org/us/downloads/DSHEA_Attack_20060309.pdf

Compare with this next link, and see that, once again, governments are after the wrong culprit. Drugs are dangerous, vitamins are not.

MASSIVE OTC DRUG RECALL: “Not generally recognized as safe and effective” http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/infopage/ppa

HIGH COST FOR A LOW-BENEFIT STUDY
by Jack Challem

In February 2006, the Journal of the American Medical Association published three articles analyzing results from the $415 million Women's Health Initiative study, which tracked the health and eating habits of almost 50,000 women. 

Headlines immediately screamed that low-fat diets, which half the women followed, failed to reduce the risk of breast and colon cancer, heart attacks, or strokes.The eight-year study shows just how much money can be wasted in research. It should have been stopped in the 1990s when other research clearly showed that there are good and bad dietary fats.

Women assigned to eat low-fat diets were never asked to distinguish between types of fat, so olive oil was grouped with lard and trans fats. You don't have to be a nutritionist to know there's a difference.

Furthermore, the low-fat group didn't eat a low-fat diet. They were asked to reduce their fat intake to 20 percent of their calories, but less than one-third of the women were able to do this during the first year, and by the final year of the study, only one-eighth of the women continued eating a low-fat diet. Overall, the low-fat dieters ate almost the same amount of fat, fruits and vegetables, and whole grains as did the women who were allowed to eat whatever they wanted. So the differences between the low fat and anything-you-want-to-eat groups were negligible.

Did the study prove anything? It did show that a low-fat diet is very difficult to follow, even with coaching from nutritionists. The study never showed whether a healthy-fat diet might be better and easier to follow than a diet loaded with unhealthy fats – but then, you and I didn't need $415 million to figure that out.

Reprinted with permission from The Nutrition Reporter (tm) newsletter, April 2006. Copyright Jack Challem. www.nutritionreporter.com

MAY I INTRODUCE YOU TO A VERY OLD, VERY HEALTHY FRIEND? 
Dr. Norman W. Walker is generally credited with being one of the originators of vegetable juice therapy back in the 1930’s. He wrote, decades ago, that “deficiency of certain elements, such as vital organic minerals and salts, and consequently of vitamins, from our customary diet is the primary cause of nearly every sickness and disease." He was an energetic man, often tellingpeople, "I can truthfully say that I am never conscious of my age. Since I reached maturity, I have never been aware of being any older, and I can say, without equivocation or mental reservation, that I feel more alive, alert, and full of enthusiasm today than I did when I was 30 years old.”
 
Dr. Walker lived to be over 100. I think he is a good example well worth following. Some of his most popular books include:

Walker NW. Fresh Vegetable and Fruit Juices.
Walker NW. Colon Health: Key to Vibrant Life. 
Walker NW. Pure and Simple Natural Weight Control.
Walker NW. The Natural Way to Vibrant Health.  
Walker NW. The Vegetarian Guide to Diet and Salad.
Walker NW.  Become Younger.

These practical and inspiring books are readily available from a variety of internet sources, and likely through your public library by interlibrary loan.

"Dr. Walker has, for the first time in history, written a complete guide of the therapeutic uses of our more common, everyday vegetables when taken in the form of fresh, raw juices.”
(R. D. Pope, M.D.)

VITAMIN BASHING BY “MODERN” MEDICINE 
(from Goodwin JS and Tangum MR. Battling Quackery: Attitudes About Micronutrient Supplements in American Academic Medicine. Archives of Internal Medicine, Vol. 158 No. 20, November 9, 1998, p 2187-2191.)

"Throughout the 20th century American academic medicine has resisted the concept that supplementation with micronutrients might have health benefits. This resistance is evident in several ways: (1) by the uncritical acceptance of news of toxicity, such as the belief that vitamin C supplements cause kidney stones; (2) by the angry, scornful tone used in discussions of micronutrient supplementation in the leading textbooks of medicine; and (3) by ignoring evidence for possible efficacy of a micronutrient supplement, such as the use of vitamin E for intermittent claudication. . . 

"[L]et us review some of the words [used to describe vitamins and vitamin therapy in standard medical textbooks]: 'massive, carelessness, useless, indiscriminate, false, indefensible, wasteful, insidious, unnecessary, deplored, and poor medical practice.' 

"There are many factors that influence the adoption of new medical treatments other than strict consideration of efficacy, toxic effects, and cost.[5,6,54-57] For example, the financial incentives conferred by patent protection that stimulate the aggressive marketing of new pharmaceuticals were lacking in the case of micronutrients.[55] However, these factors do not explain the anger and scorn illustrated in the quotations from medical textbooks given earlier. Where did the emotion come from? Why did academic medicine deploy the language of denunciation against proponents of vitamin supplements?"

You may read (for a fee, most likely) the full text of this excellent article at 
http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/158/20/2187 , or ask you local public librarian to help you get a copy. (The Doctor Yourself Newsletter does not provide such a service.)

ORTHOMOLECULAR NUTRITION CONFERENCE
I will be attending and speaking at the 35th Annual International Nutritional Medicine Today Conference in Vancouver, BC, April 27-30, 2006 Dr. Abram Hoffer and many other outstanding nutritional physicians will be participating. 

Friday morning, I will be presenting a paper on MEDLINE bias. Then on Saturday evening, I am honored to once again be the master of ceremonies for the Third Annual Orthomolecular Medicine Hall of Fame inductions.

A complete program and registration information is posted at http://orthomed.org/NMT/nmt.html  .

MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY SUCCESS
Remember the little boy with muscular dystrophy, whose very smart parents and grandparents got him taking large doses of vitamins? (The story up until now is towards the end of http://www.doctoryourself.com/dystrophy.html )

Well, here’s the latest:
 
“The school that my muscular dystrophy grandson attends is handing out registration forms for Spring Soccer for the kids. He wants to sign up!  My daughter took this form to the physical therapist where she takes the boy for weekly visits. She asked the PT, "Do you think this is something that he can do?"  Without any hesitation he answered, "Of course he can do it. It will be good exercise for him!" That day was the first time he jumped off a step with both feet and landed on both feet.”
 
BROCCOLI, CABBAGE COMPOUND HALTS BREAST CANCER
”Sulforaphane, a compound found in broccoli and other vegetables from the cruciferous (cabbage) family, has the ability to block cell growth in late stage human breast cancer cells. . .  (W)ithin twenty-four hours the compound had significantly blocked cell division compared to controls and disrupted the cells' microtubules, which are necessary for the separation of duplicated chromosomes during cell division.” (Jackson SJ, Singletary KW. Sulforaphane inhibits human MCF-7 mammary cancer cell mitotic progression and tubulin polymerization. J Nutr. 2004 Sep;134(9):2229-36.)

Scroll down towards the bottom of the page at http://www.lef.org/whatshot/2004_09.htm for the entire story.

BROCCOLI FIGHTS BREAST CANCER, ULCERS
“The Journal of Nutrition (September 2004, mentioned above) reports that sulforaphane in broccoli can disrupt the cell divisions that lead to breast cancer. The same compound was identified by Johns Hopkins researcher Jed Fahey as more efficient than commercial drugs in clearing up ulcers. This is a lifesaver for people in Africa, Asia and South America who can't afford drugs, Fahey said. This suggests the reason why there's no trend toward food-based treatments in the medical system. Foods require no specialized degrees or prescriptions written in a dead language and confer no job monopoly on anyone. Worse still, foods are not made of scarce materials that can be patented by corporations. Why can't the health care system pick up the cost of local, fresh, nutrient-rich foods that have documented medical benefits?”

(From Roberts W. Health care on drugs: Pharmacare subsidizes drug giants and sidelines proven food cures. NOW Toronto Online, Vol. 24, No. 3, Sep 16 - 22, 2004.) 

Read the complete article at  http://www.nowtoronto.com/issues/2004-09-16/news_story2.php )

DOCTOR YOURSELF NEWSLETTER COMMENT:
57 years ago, Garnett Cheney. M.D., conducted hospital studies showing that raw cabbage juice cures ulcers better than medication does. It’s true: he published his findings starting in 1949. More on Dr. Cheney’s work, plus how the broccoli-cabbage family fights IBS, Crohn’s disease, and other serious gastrointestinal problems at http://www.doctoryourself.com/colitis.html

Here’s additional good news on how whole natural foods win the fight against the big C:

BROCCOLI, CABBAGE, SOY FIGHT BREAST, PROSTATE CANCER 
”In a new (2006) study published in the British Journal of Cancer and by the journal Nature the researchers show that in laboratory tests, a compound called indole-3-carinol (I3C), found in broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage, and a chemical called genistein, found in soy beans, can increase the levels of two specific proteins that repair damaged DNA. . . (T)he study's senior author, Eliot M. Rosen, MD, PhD says: "It is now clear that the function of crucial cancer genes can be influenced by compounds in the things we eat." 

(Fan S, Meng Q, Auborn K, Carter T, Rosen EM. BRCA1 and BRCA2 as molecular targets for phytochemicals indole-3-carbinol and genistein in breast and prostate cancer cells. Br J Cancer. 2006 Feb 13;94(3):407-26.) 
Read the story at http://www.organicconsumers.org/foodsafety/cancer021206.cfm and at http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/feb2006/2006-02-10-09.asp#anchor7 

NIACINAMIDE (Vitamin B-3) REVERSES FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME 
”B-3 (niacinamide) can reverse the molecular, cellular, and behavioral effects of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in mice, according to a study by physician-scientists at Weill Medical College of Cornell University. . . . The findings may also have implications for children born with other neurological diseases such as cerebral palsy.”

They researchers “report that B-3 reversed the increase in hyperactivity and the decrease in fear caused by ethanol exposure, and prevented the impairment in learning and memory induced by ethanol. . . FAS is estimated to be the most common, preventable cause of mental retardation in the western world.” 

(You can read the entire article for free at http://www.lef.org/news/LefDailyNews.htm?NewsID=3432&Section=NUTRITION )

READERS SAY
D. L. writes:
“After searching the internet, I came across your web site. I was frantically looking for something to help my husband. He was diagnosed with Hepatitis C in 1996. For at least a year he had a sore on his back that every time he barely touched it is would bleed. He had bruise like spots on the top of his feet that were always there. He started having blood in the urine a little but very bloody semen. Then he started physically feeling really bad. The last stage was really bloody gums. He had gone to the doctor and she said that she thought he had very thin blood and to take vitamin K. He did that but when the gums started to bleed so bad that blood would run out the sides of his mouth, he said "if I didn't know better I would think I have scurvy". When he read Dr. Cathcart’s article posted at your website “Vitamin C and Acute Scurvy,” 
( http://www.doctoryourself.com/titration.html ) he immediately starting taking high doses of vitamin C crystals at five thousand milligrams per dose. He was taking 5,000 mg every waking hour. He has done that for 2 weeks and his bruises have totally disappeared, the bleeding on his back has stopped, his gums have stopped bleeding and he no longer has blood in his semen (which had been going on for months). He feels like a new person. I want to thank you so very much for your wonderful website and the most valuable information. It has literally saved my husband's life. This is sure evidence that vitamin C can cure just about anything. I have started telling many people about your site and will continue to do so.” 

Thank you for this wonderful report. I must pass all credit onto Dr. Robert F. Cathcart III, the brilliant physician from whom I learned many very important things, two of which were oral bowel tolerance of ascorbate, and the value of the internet to communicate knowledge of the same.  Dr. Cathcart’s excellent and incredibly informative website is indexed at http://www.orthomed.com/index2.htm . After my faculty colleagues started leaning on me about my advocacy pf megadoses of vitamin C, I used to tell my college students that UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES should they EVER even think of looking at Dr. Cathcart’s webpage.

Heh, heh, heh.

FLUORIDE IS NOT PREVENTING TOOTH DECAY 
Fluoride is not stopping cavities and is causing discolored teeth. For example:

Researchers following children from birth in the Iowa Fluoride Study found almost double the dental fluorosis in early erupting permanent teeth of 9 year-olds drinking optimally fluoridated water compared to children drinking sub-optimally fluoridated water (41% vs. 21%); but no less tooth decay. (1)

Researchers found no significant relationship between fluoride exposure and cavities in permanent teeth of 6 to 9-year-olds in Campeche, Mexico (2). Previously, it was reported that 56% of this group has dental fluorosis. (3)

A U.S. national study reports cavity prevalence increased by 15% in 2 to 5-year-olds,  in surveys taken between 1988-1994 and 1999-2002, (4) despite 60 years of water fluoridation reaching 2/3 of Americans on public water supplies and virtually 100% via the food supply. However, the Centers for Disease Control report that 1/3 to 1/2 of U.S. schoolchildren display dental fluorosis. (4a)

Another U.S. study shows that breastfed children have less cavities than non-breastfed. (5) even though breast milk has 100 times less fluoride than dentists claim is optimal to reduce cavities. Breastfeeding is also protective against fluorosis. (5a)

Although New York City fluoridated in 1965, NYC children of Chinese descent suffer a much higher prevalence and severity of tooth decay than the national average (63% vs 38%). (6)

About half of 7 to14-year-old children from fluoridated Rochester, NY, have cavities. Latino children had significantly higher caries experience than African-American and Caucasian children, thus indicating that disparities exist among different ethnic groups even when the water is fluoridated. (7)

In fluoridated Detroit, 91% of African American low-income children, 5 years and younger, have tooth decay. (8) 

“Today, fluoridation puts American children at risk of dental fluorosis without any benefit of less tooth decay," says Paul Beeber, NYSCOF President and General Counsel. "And growing evidence links fluoride to hypersensitivities, bone damage, thyroid problems and more." (Contact Paul Beeber at nyscof@aol.com  ) 

These studies add to a growing body of evidence pointing to fluoride's ineffectiveness and lack of safety. http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/teeth/caries/fluoridation.html#top

SOURCE:  NYS Coalition Opposed to Fluoridation, Inc. www.orgsites.com/ny/nyscof   
Also see www.FluorideAction.Net

References:
(1) American Association for Dental Research (AADR) 35th Annual Meeting in Orlando, FL, March 8-11, 2006: Abstract # 0153 - Dental caries and fluorosis in relation to water fluoride levels, I Hong, SM Levy, J Warren, B Broffitt  http://snipurl.com/n8hg  

(2) AADR Abstract # 1995 - Cross-Sectional analysis of dental caries in children with mixed dentition, AA Vallejos-Sanchez, CE Mendina-Solis, JF Casanova-Rosado, G Maupome, AJ Casanova-Rosado, M Minaya-Sanchez  http://snipurl.com/n8i9 
 
(3) Prevalence of dental fluorosis and additional sources of exposure to fluoride as risk factors to dental fluorosis in schoolchildren of Campeche, Mexico, PR Beltran-Valladares, H Cocom-Tun, JF Casanova-Rosado, AA Vallejos-Sanchez, CE Medina-Solis, G Maupome, Rev Invest Clin. 2005 Uly-Aug;57(4):532-9
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16315637&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum 

(4) AADR Abstract # 0458 - Trends in Dental Caries of Primary Teeth, United States, 1988-2002, F Jaramillo, E Beltran, L Barker, S Griffin, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  http://snipurl.com/n8jq 

(4a) Beltrán-Aguilar et al. Surveillance for Dental Caries, Dental Sealants, Tooth Retention, Edentulism and Enamel Fluorosis – United States, 1988-1994 and 1999-2002. MMWR. CDC August 26, 2005
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5403a1.htm
 
(5) AADR Abstract # 0881 -  No association between breastfeeding and early childhood caries: NHANES 1999-2002, H Iida, P Auinger, M Weitzman, RJ Billings   http://snipurl.com/n8jw 

(5a) Breastfeeding is Protective Against Dental Fluorosis in a Nonfluoridated Rural Area of Ontario, Canada, D Brothwell, H Limeback,  Journal of Human Lactation, Vol. 19, No. 4, 386-390 (2003) http://jhl.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/19/4/386

(6) AADR Abstract # 0l50 - Caries Experience among Chinese-American Children and Adolescents in Lower Manhattan, CH Chinn  http://snipurl.com/n8k9 
 
(7) AADR Abstract # 0478 - Dental Caries in Latino Elementary School Children, S Gajendra     http://snipurl.com/n8lz 
 
(8) AADR Abstract # 1992 - Severity of Dental Caries Among African American Children in Detroit, AI Ismail, M Tellez  http://snipurl.com/n8m2 
 
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